Project findings

FlexBeAn project findings

Technical flexibility potential in Luxembourg

This report evaluates how much flexibility different sectors of the economy, industry, commercial buildings, households, and electric vehicles, could offer to help balance Luxembourg’s electricity grid during the energy transition. The findings show that significant demand-side flexibility potential exists across all sectors, with residential heat pumps and electric vehicles emerging as the most promising assets for the future, while industrial facilities can already contribute meaningful flexibility today. However, the report concludes that unlocking this potential will require more than technology alone it calls for smarter electricity tariffs, stronger policy incentives, and coordinated action from all stakeholders, as current carbon pricing levels are insufficient to drive the pace of decarbonisation that Luxembourg’s climate targets require.

Project report

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Flexibility potentials and user Behaviour Analysis

The report studies how residential households in Luxembourg equipped with flexible technologies, such as electric vehicles, heat pumps, batteries, and PV systems, will affect the low-voltage distribution grid in 2030 and 2040, finding that price-responsive “flexible” households behave like electricity traders, inverting the traditional duck curve into a “turtle curve” that creates new grid stress. While this flexibility can generate household revenues of roughly €500–€800 per year, it risks significantly overloading transformers, especially by 2040, when widespread technology adoption could require up to 2–4 times the current transformer capacity. The study concludes that a symmetric grid tariff applied to both electricity imports and exports is the most effective and economically efficient policy response, reducing transformer overload needs substantially while costing households only marginally more compared to unregulated trading.